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ZEISS Elta C Series Software User Guide

1 ZEISS Elta C Series The System
2 First Steps
Operation...............................................1-1
Switching the instrument on and off........ 1-2
Zeiss Elta .C keyboard............................. 1-5
Graphic display .................................. 1-7
Laser Plummet (Option) ........................... 1-8
Menu guidance     ................................... 1-9
Help function ....................................... 1-11
Distance Mode .... .................................. 1-12
EDM Mode and reflector typ....................1-14
Prism and Addition Constants ................. 1-15
Software overview ................................. 1-16
Modular structure of the system
software    ............................................. 1-17

Before Measurement..............................2-2
Set Up and Centering............................... 2-2
Levelling and Fine Centering..................... 2-3
Telescope Focussing................................. 2-4
Check-List ................................................ 2-5

Project Management..............................2-6
Create a New Project................................ 2-6
Select an existing Project.......................... 2-6
Connect Projects ...................................... 2-6
Edit a Project............................................ 2-7
Delete, Rename, and Copy a Project......... 2-7
Project Information .................................. 2-7

3 Stationing
Measuring in a Local System..................2-8
Principle................................................... 2-8
Input of Parameters ................................. 2-8
Input of the Point Identification PI.......... 2-11
Using Codelists ...................................... 2-11
Inirect Survey ......................................... 2-12
Hidden Point Measurement.................... 2-14
Object Height Measurement .................. 2-15
Vertikal Plane ......................................... 2-16
Control Point Measuring ........................ 2-17
Hz-Circle Orientation.............................. 2-17
Corrections of the Measured.................. 2-18
Further Switches and Technical Matters . 2-19

Free Stationing.......................................3-2
Principle................................................... 3-2
Free Stationing Measurement .................. 3-3
Adjustment Procedure.............................. 3-6
Configuration of Free Stationing .............. 3-9
Neighbourhood principle and Distance Re-ductions................................................. 3-11
Error Handling ....................................... 3-12
Heightstationing .................................... 3-13
Results of the Free Stationing................. 3-14

4 Coordinates
Stationing on a Known Point...............3-15

Principle................................................. 3-15 Orientation through Backsight Measurement......................................... 3-16 Orientientation through input and measurement of a bearing .............. 3-17 Results of Stationing on a Known Point.. 3-18
Heightstationing ..................................3-19
Principle................................................. 3-19
Measurement and Adjustment................3-20
Entering a height value .......................... 3-20
Results of the Heightstationing .............. 3-21

Eccentric Stationing .............................3-22
Principle................................................. 3-22
Measurement Eccentric Station.............. 3-23

Detail Points...........................................4-2
Principle................................................... 4-2
Inirect Survey ........................................... 4-3
Hidden Point Measurement...................... 4-5
Object Height Measurement .................... 4-6
Vertikal Plane ........................................... 4-7
Connecting Distances............................... 4-8
2 Face Measurement................................ 4-8
Value Corrections..................................... 4-9

Setting Out...........................................4-10
Principle................................................. 4-10
Rectangular Coordinates ........................ 4-10
Station Check......................................... 4-13

5 Advanced Applications
6     Data Management
Point-to-Line Distance............................5-2
Principle................................................... 5-2
Measuring in a local system ..................... 5-3
Measuring in a coordinate system............ 5-5

Editor .....................................................6-2
Principle................................................... 6-2
Entering a data record ............................. 6-3
Editing a data record ............................... 6-4
Filtering of records ................................... 6-5
Searching for data records ....................... 6-8
Deleting data records............................. 6-11
Further function keys ............................. 6-13

Data Transfer .......................................6-14
Principle................................................. 6-14
Hyperterminal Settings........................... 6-16
Data transmission .................................. 6-17
Data reception ....................................... 6-18
Zeiss Control Center ............................... 6-19

Data Format.........................................6-20
M5 data format ..................................... 6-20
M5 data line .......................................... 6-20

7
Adjustment
8 Configuration
Adjustment ............................................7-1
Adjustment methods ............................... 7-2
Instrument errors and their correction...... 7-3
Adjusting V-Index / Hz-Collimation........... 7-4
Adjusting Compensator ........................... 7-6
DR EDM System ....................................... 7-7
Inspection of the laser beam .................... 7-7
Adjusting of the laser beam ..................... 7-9

Configuration.........................................8-1

Operation in the submenus...................... 8-2

Configuration Instrument......................8-3
Overview Instrument Configuration.......... 8-3
Instrument Type, EDM Calibration............ 8-4
Illumination, Periphery ............................. 8-5
Adjustments, Units................................... 8-6
Reference System ..................................... 8-7
Recording ................................................ 8-8
Error Limits, Operation............................. 8-9
Alphanumeric-Input................................. 8-9
Clock, On-Off Configuration .................. 8-10
Language, Batteries................................ 8-11
Default Settings ..................................... 8-12

Configuration Programs ......................8-13
Overview Configuration Stationing......... 8-13
Free Stationing....................................... 8-14
Heightstationing .................................... 8-17
Overview Configuration Coordinates...... 8-18
Setting Out ............................................ 8-19
Overview Configuration Special.............. 8-20
Point to Line Distances ........................... 8-20
Overwiev Configuration
General Functions .................................. 8-21
2-Face Measuring................................... 8-22
Control Point.......................................... 8-23
Konfiguration functions Distance ........... 8-24
Configuration......................................... 8-25
Configuration Standard Settings ............ 8-25

Configuration Markings.......................8-26
Principle................................................. 8-26
Processing of set markings..................... 8-27
Generating new Markings...................... 8-28
Store marking ........................................ 8-35

Konfiguration Codelisten........................8-36
Codelisten bearbeiten ............................ 8-36
Neue Codelisten erzeugen...................... 8-38
Codelisten editieren ............................... 8-38

Configuration Update ..........................8-41

Input of Authorisation Code................... 8-41

This chapter gives you an overview of the Control Unit Zeiss Elta C Series.
It describes the operation and controls of the in-strument with the Control Unit as well as the sen-sors and peripheries which are a special feature of the ZEISS Elta C Series Total Stations.

Switching the instrument on and off
Display of
-
Instrument type

-
Instrument serial no.

-Software release data
.     Configuration Instrument On/Off Configur.
Station Input
Switching the instrument on
When you press the Zkey, the startup logo is briefly displayed:

Unless otherwise defined in the configuration, this is followed by the display of the main menu of the Trimble 3600 Zeiss Elta software:

The project last processed is loaded and displayed. If there is no project stored on the data drive D:DATEN on the PC, a project named “NONAME“ will be automatically opened.
Use cba` to select the appli-cation and press dto start the program. A shorter way is to use the hotkey numbers 1 - 0 to start the application directly from main menu.
The instrument configuration permits you to de-fine which functions should be executed after the PC is booted or which menu should be directly accessed by the program. There are two options:
After starting the application Measure (in a local system) the program goes directly to the station input with input parameters like point identifica-tion, instrument height, reflector heigt, tempera-ture, air pressure or type of prism.

Levelling After loading the ZEISS Elta C Series software the pro-gram goes automatically to the levelling menu.

Press any key to exit this menu.
Hard- and Software Scan     Starting the program checks automatically for all necessary Hard- and Software Components are rightly installed and set. If not, a message like this appears:

e.g.:     Missing configuration data. Default values will be set.
Switching the instrument off
Tin the main menu to quit the program after answering the inquiry:

Quitting the program; the instrument
is automatically shut off.

Quitting the program, back to the
ZEISS Elta C Series System Control Menu.

Return to the main menu.

ZEISS Elta C Series System Control Menu

The following actions are possible from this con-trol menu: ZEISS Elta C Series Starts the Software Remote Service Update Service Program
DOS  Change to the MS-DOS. Prompt D:ELTACBIN>_ 
C_xxxxxx  Calls up an installed API Program (xxxxxx = Name) 
OFF AUS  Switches the instrument off. 

Zeiss Elta. keyboard

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Dual assignments (yellow function keys) can be activated with the shift key (2).
Keys and their functions
T 1 Escape
Quitting program levels
_ 2 Shift
Dual assignment switchover
W 3 Function keys
Instrument Control and Softkey activa-tion (in the display above)
c
4 Cursor keys
Cursors positioning
W 5 Space key
Space and selector key
W
Tab 6 Tabulator
Selector and tab key
d 7 Enter key
Confirmation and trigering of measurement

Further key func-tions
. Annex
Symbols and keys

= .B“ press shortly Shift +2x

BBBB= .7“ _BB
press shortly 4x
. Configuration
Markings
?  8  Numeric block 
Alphanumeric Input 
Z  9  Power key 
Switching the instrument on 
WFcn  10 Function key 
Softkey activation in the measurement 
programs 

Instrument Control
The yellow signed symbols above the function keys 1-6 are used for controlling of significant instrument switches and parameters and can be activated pressing Shift+key:
Illumination Crosshair+Display On / Off
Instrument Levelling Battery Control
PositionLight On / Off
Online-Help
EDM Mode
Laser Pointer
Alphanumeric Input
The keys 1-9 have multiple assignments for en-tering numbers and letters as well. Capitals can be activated by simultaneous pressing of the _ Shift key. Multiple pressing of the key in an input field displays the 4 characters associated to the key. At first the alpha characters will be displayed following by the key number. The exception is pure numeric fields (as defined in the Marking) where only the number is displayed.

.     Configuration Instrument Switches Alphanumeric Input
Graphic display
Throughout the software, the keys will be auto-matically assigned (e.g. Target height input is only possible in numerics).
The frequency of multiple key pressing for the alphanumeric input can be configured user opti-mized in the instrument configuration.
Softkeys
In every measurement menu the lower display row is filled with softkeys. They can be activated (de-activated) by pressing the Wkey and can be
Fcn
switched by the 6 function keys below and the keys BCDand ;.
The key ;is for toggling the next available softkey row (.1 / .2 / .3).

The display is a LCD screen with 320 x 80 pixels in the display window. 
.  Configuration Instrument Switches  You can switch on the display and the crosshair illumination using either the illumination switch or the hotkey 
_ 

Laser Plummet (Option)
The Laser Plummet is used to center the instru-ment over a station point. The plummet is a Laser Pen with an additional optical element which illustrates a center circle on the ground. The in-strument has to be moved on the tripod head for centering over the station point.
The Laser Center Cirlce has a diameter of 45 mm at an instrument height of 1,5 m.

The Laser Plummet can be switched on from the
_
configuration menu or calling up the levelling menu of the Instrument.

The Laser Plummet is switched on until exit the levelling menu.
No switch on.

Menu guidance
Key: 
1  Menu number 
2  Menu title 
3  Project name or 
address 
4  Selection cursor 
5  Option + number 
6  Additional data 
7  Meas./comp.values 
8  Marking 
9  Point identification 
10  Function keys 
11  Status symbols 
12  Next row of func-
tion keys 

Menus support the user at any stage of the pro-gram.
Options menu

1 2
3
4 5

To select an option, use either the selection cursor plus dor the appropriate hotkey for the op-tion number.
Measurement menu
1 6 7 2 3

8 9 10 11 12
Switch on/off the function keys with W.
Fcn
W
W1-6 for the first 6 Softkeys.
BCD;for Softkeys 7-10.
Tab and cfor navigation between the input

fields for PI and target height . dor [to start the measurement.

Input menu
13 14

Key: 
13  Input option 
14  Input field cursor 
15  Switch 
16  Switch field 
17  Error number 
18  Error type 
19  Error information

can be used in the input field. d ends the entry.
Switch menu
15 16

For toggling, use the W(space bar) key in the switch field.
Error messages in the display
17 19 18

Lists
Key:
20 List cursor 21 Function keys
20 21
cbYXfor scrolling.
All 10 Softkeys are activated automatically in the list menu.
Quitting the menu
You can quit all menus with T. If any entries have been made or edited, an inquiry is first dis-played as to whether the changes should be saved.
Help function

The integrated on-line help is available in all pro-gram parts. The help function will be called using the hotkey
_+ Help at any point of the program.

Distance Mode (Option C20A/C30A DR)

Hotkey for Laser Pointer ON/OFF
Default EDM Mode:

Prism Mode

Configuration In-strument Periphery Switches.
EDM Mode:
DR = Direct Reflex Mode PR = Prism Mode
Switches
In the Configuration Menu the EDM functions can also be switched ON or OFF. Enter to configura-tion menu 9132 or use the softkey SwtP in the measurement menus:

Use Wspace key to toggle Press dto save settings.
In measurement menu the actual settings are displayed in the instrument status window. The following EDM modes are possible:

Direct Reflex mode.
The .reflectorless“ mode.
Direct Reflex mode.
The reflector .high power“ mode.

Prism mode.
The reflector mode.
In measurement menus the EDM Mode can be
switched using the hotkey

_+

.
The Laser Pointer can be switched ON/OFF using the hotkey _+

EDM Mode and reflector typ

The EDM modes are combined with reflector types set in the Input Menu of the measurement program. To enter this menu, press Fcn to acti-vate the softkeys and press softkey Inpt:
Input Menu

Use Wspace key to toggle between reflector types Normal Prism, 360° round Prism, Foil and None Reflector.
Press dto save settings.

Prism Mode Direct Reflex Mode

  Reflector Types

Wtoggle with space key

Prism and Addition Constants
The input function for prism constants has been changed with the software version 1.40 Elta.S, with Zeiss Elta. Control Unit and
1.11 ZEISS Elta.C Series. The first reason was to
have conformity between all total stations in the
Trimble Group. The second reason was conformity
to the way in which prisms are marked.
Now it is necessary to enter the prim constant,
and the addition constant isn't readable.
The calculation and the save function were not
modified, only the method used to display.

Prism constants K: 
Carl Zeiss : 
KTO  -35 mm 
KTR  -35 mm 
KTM  -35 mm 
Mini prism Kit  -18 mm 
360°Prism  - 3 mm 
Spectra Precision 
Super prism  0 mm 
Prism ring  2 mm 

It is necessary to enter the correct value.

In case of measurements to reflectors of other
manufacturers the user has to enter the prism
constant and check the correctness by measure-ments to known distances.

Storage:
The connection between addition constant A and
prism constant is shown in the following calcula-tion formula:

A = P +35 mm
F
Example:
Foreign reflector prism constant P= -30 mm

F
Addition constant in connection with this foreign reflector A= + 5 mm

Software overview

Main Menu 1 Project Management

2 Adjustment
21 Instrument Correction Standard
22 Compensator
3 Measure
4 Stationing

41 Free Stationing 42 Stationing on a known Point 43 Eccentric Stationing 44 Heightstationing
5 Coordinates

51 Detail Points 52 Setting Out 53 Traverse 54 Intersection of Lines 55 Intersection of Arcs 56 Transformation 57 Roadline lite
6 Special

61 Multiple Rounds 62 Point to Line Distances 63 3D-Plane 64 Area Calculation 65 Connecting Distances
7 Editor
8 Data Transfer

9 Configuration

91 Instrument 92 Programs 93 Marking 94 Codelists 95 Update
0 Remote Control

Modular structure of the system software

Basic
Expert
The ZEISS Elta C Series modular software comprises four packages. Thanks to the full MS-DOS. com-patibility of the Elta. PC, you can integrate your own software while making allowance for the programming interfaces.
The Basic package provides the basis for Expert,
i.e. Expert enhances the functionality.
The Basic software is standard in all hardware packages and offers the following functions:
.
Project management

.
Adjustment

.
Measurement in a local system

.
Editor

.
Data transfer

.
Configuration

The software with the basic functions for survey-ing in coordinates.

.
Stationing

-Free Stationing
-Stationing on a known point
-Eccentric Stationing
- Heightstationing

.
Coordinates

-Detail Points
- Setting Out

.
Special

- Point-to-line distance The Expert module can be optionally enhanced by the Professional and Special upgrades.

Professional     Professional surveying with
.
Coordinates

-Traverse
-Transformation
-Intersection of Lines
- Intersection of Arcs

.
Special

-Area calculation
-Connecting distances

Professional Plus!     The Plus! Package in Detail Points program which allows to make Verification Points by either point number or position. It′s a great tool for control-ling the quality of surveys.
Special     For special tasks in surveying such as
.
Coordinates

-RoadLine Lite

.
Special

-Multiple Rounds
-3D Plane The first steps cover the setup and check of the instrument. The data is stored projectwise, and is controlled via the Project Management.

In the Program Measuring in a Local System, one can measure using all functions of the ZEISS Elta C Series Total Station.

Set Up and Centering
4
2

5
3

Setup:
Fix the the tripod legs (1) over the required point

1     using the tripod locking screw (2). Screw the in-strument tribrach to the tripod head (3).

Centering:
With the tripod set over the station point, look through the optical plummet (5) and position the center over the station point using the tribrach screws (4).

Levelling and Fine Centering

_

. Adjustment
Compensator
. Configuration
Instrument

1

Coarse Levelling:
Level the Circular Bubble (6) by adjusting the tri-pod legs (1).

Fine Levelling:
The digital fine levelling is accessed using the hotkey for the levelling menu:

The inclination values displayed are in the same unit as set in instrument configuration.
Position the instrument parallel to two of the tri-brach screws. Turn the two tribrach screws to-gether in opposite directions, and the third alone. Level the instrument in the Trunnion Axis (1) and Sighting Axis (2). Turn the instrument to check the verticality of the instrument. The Mis-Levellment should be within the working range of the com-pensator (±0.092 grad).
After adjustment press Tto return to the program screen.

Fine Centering:
Check the final position over the point. Move the instrument on the tripod head and repeat the fine levelling if necessary.

Telescope Focussing

Focussing the Cross Hairs:
With the telescope focussed on Infinity, bring the cross hairs into focus.

Check-List
Before measuring, it is a good idea to check the status of the instrument. You will find the sym-bols in the display are very helpful. It will also be useful to use the following check List:

1.
Set Up OK ? . Levelling, Centering

2.
Adjustment OK ? . V-Index- and Hz-Collimation

. Compensator run center point

3.
Data OK ? . Enough internal memory ?

4.
EDM Mode ? . DR or PR Mode

. Laserpointer On ?

5.
Battery OK ? . Battery Strength

6.
Project OK ? . Is the current Project OK ?

. Compensation activated

?
7. Switches OK ?

Configuration / . Units / Decimal Points are set ?
Instrument /
Switches /

OK ?
.
Recording

.
Recording mode R-C, R-M, R-MC selected?

.
Measure mode

selected?

Create a New Project

dor <to select from the main menu.

to create a new
The Projects and their file size are displayed in the
project.
project screeen (121 Byte per Data Line).
Input a new
project name and

d to confirm.

free disk space in Byte
State current
free Data lines
drive D.
Select an existing Project

b  Select the Project 
with the cursor 
keys. 
d  to confirm as the 
current Project. 

Connect Projects

to connect one Project with another.

Edit a Project

to call the editor
. Data Management
Editor

Editor Menu.

Delete, Rename, and Copy a Project

Delete Project Rename Project Copy Project

Project Information

Input the Project Information.
Input of up to 10 Information lines in each Project Information. 16 alphanumeric characters per line.
YX to select the other page.

Press to toggle the measure mode:
SD Hz V HD Hz h y x z Hz V
to copy the last measurement (measure buffer) and the PI with re-spect to the meas-ure and registration
dor [to start measuring,

mode to the
current project. cto directly input the target height.

Input of Parameters

Input  (1)  Instrument and Target Height 
(2)  Prism Constants 
(3)  Temperature and Pressure 
(4) (5)  Scale Factor of Local System / pip Reflector Type ( Wto select ) 

bto select, dto confirm.

The local scale factor will be used to correct the distance measurements in a local system.
Default: s = 1.000 000

Recording Mode

Recording On
.     Configuration Instrument Switches
The scale factor of the local system will not be that calculated using the stationing routines. En-tering a local scale factor will only effect meas-urements in a local system.
The values of addition and prism constant and the values of Scale Factor and PPM are connected. Changing one value will effect the other partner value.
If in the Instrument Switch Configuration the Thermometer are On, it is not possible to edit this value. The auto-measured value will be displayed.
(1)  R-M  for original measured data 
(2)  R-C  for computed data 
(3)  R-MC  for meas. and computed data 

Selection of the Record mode is only possible when the recording Configuration is switch to
On.

Incrementation of
the point number
On / Off

. -9999 ￡ Inc ￡ 9999 Set the increment step.
dto accept.

If the point number 99 was entered on the left side of the block, it cannot be incremented to
100. Then the following error message appears:

The incrementation will be automatically switched off. For an incrementation from 99 up to 100 it is necessary, to enter the number more to the right in the block.

Input of the Point Identification PI

Changes the actual marking
. Configuration
Marking
Using Codelists
Use the cursors to navigate the input field.
Switch between code fields using W.

Tab
Input the PI using the keyboard or a Codelist.

Input field of the Point Identification PI (27 char-acters) with freely configurable fields.

Call Codelist
. Configuration
Codelists
To activate this softkey, the PI field must have a codelist already attached to it (as defined during the Configuration of the Marking).
The cursor must be positioned within the required code field.

Example: Codelist ROAD_points_18
Select the required Code with cand d. The correct Code is then implemented in the PI field.

Indirect Survey

Eccentricity /
Intersection

Eccentricity
. Length L < 100 m Reflector Offset:

right of left of

front of behind

slope (in sighting axis) to the Center.

W toggling between options.
Type: Eccentricity Type: Intersection
Eccentricity

Center
Point
S

W  toggling between options. 
Mode  Once for a one off Measurement, 
Mode  Perm for a permanent eccentricity, 
Mode  Off to cancel. 

Height On     To use the height of the eccentric point in position left, right, front of or behind to the center. The center height is calculated for a slope eccenter.
Off no height coordinate.
Intersection (indirect points)
Intersection

general  W  toggling between options. 
Mode  Once  for a one off Measurement, 
Mode  Perm  for a permanent eccentricity, 
Mode  Off  to cancel. 

Hidden Point Measurement

Hidden Point
R1 R2

Record Mode - Hidden Point:

R-M R-M, R-C, R-MC R-M, R-C, R-MC
R2-P  Distance between the reflector R2 and 
the Prism Point P 
R1-R2  Distance between the Reflectors R1 and 
R2 on the Prism Rod. 

Modes:  see Eccentric Measurement 
Tolerance:  Error limit used to check the accuracy of the measurement of R1 - R2. 
Default Value:  0.003 m 

If the error limit is exceeded a message appears.

The program guides the user through the meas-urement of R1 and R2.
The height ZP will always be calculated from ZSTATION, ih and R1-R2-P values.

Object Height Measurement

After measuring to one reference point in Mode:
SD Hz V HD Hz h y x z
is this softkey accessible.

The Reference Point defines the line of the Instru-ment - Reflector (I-R) and the vertical plane normal to I-R. It is then possible using only the angle
measurement HzV to define heights and offsets in the plane:
HD  Horizontal Distance I-R 
O  Perpendicular position L-R (90° to I-R) 
h  Object Height from R 

Measure Reference Point with

.
Eccentric measuring is also possible.

dto measure Object Height + Offset in Hz V measure mode.

Toggle the Mode softkey to see HD Hz h and record with Rec:

HD     Horizontal Distance I-L
h     Height difference with respect to Station I
Vertical Plane

After measuring to two reference points in Mode
D Hz V E Hz h y x z
is this function accessible.

Measuring

2 points PE will define a vertical plane. Once the plane is ‘ established, points in the plane Pi can be
measured only by the use of angles

. There is no need to measure a distance. The coordinates of Pi are measured in the defined Coordinate Sys-tem.
Measure Reference Point

or
.

Toggle the Mode softkey to see HD Hz h and record with Rec:
h     Height difference with respect to Station

Control Point Measuring

Control Point To set a Control Point (CtrP). The measurement is available in all measuring modes:

switch to dr 
Repeat Measure 
Configuration Error Limits CtrP 
.  Configuration Programs 

Hz-Circle Orientation

Call up
Sight CtrP, Measure with dor [.
Sighting and checking a CtrP is possible in every measurement routine:

Results of CtrP Measuring with  : 
dl  Length misclosure  [m] 
da  Angle misclosure  [gon] (Hz) 
dq  Cross misclosure  [m] 
dr  Radial misclosure  [m] 

c
Input the Hz direction.

.     Configuration Sight the direction, dor [to measure and Instrument set the new Hz-Orientation. In the Instrument Switches Configuration the recording of original Hz-Circle Reference System readings or oriented Hz-Directions can be defined.

Corrections of the Measured Values
The measured values will be subjected to the fol-lowing corrections:
.
Influence of Temperature and Pressure (SD)

.
Prism Constant (SD)

.
Inclination of the Vertical Axis (HzV)

.
Horizontal Collimation + Vertical Index (HzV)

.
Trunnion axis (Hz)

.
Circle Eccentricity (HzV)

The calculated values (HD, h, x, y, z) will be com-puted from the corrected measured values and are corrected by the configured local scale factor.

Toggle with W, Confirm with d.
After switching on the instrument all corrections are switched to On.
When the Compensator is switched on, the com-pensator symbol will be displayed.

With this switch, One can toggle the various corrections On and Off.
Compensator On

Further Switches and Technical Matters

Periphery Switches PositionLight On Laserpointer On
Laser Plummet On

Height On / Off
Input info line up to 27 characters.
Change the actual Marking.

Measurement in 1 or 2 faces.

measurement in face 1 and face 2 will be com-puted and stored as defined in the program con-figuration. If the error limits are exceeded, comes

To accept and save the mean value.
No saving. New measurement is possible.

Toggle the distance meter Mode: Normal / Rapid Tracking
Configuration multiple measure-ments for distance meter mode N
Configuration multiple measure-ments for distance meter mode N

PR Mode:

Setting the standard deviation and/or a number of shots

DR Mode:

Setting a limit between the shots and/or a number of shots

In order to operate the instrument in a coordinate system, it is necessary to position and orientate the instrument within the system.

If it is not possible to oc-cupy a point with a known position, one can carry out a free Station.
.     2 ￡ BP ￡ 20
The program is separated into the plane adjustment and the height adjustment.
X Circle BP Hz=0

BP

XS BPBP

YS     Y
.
:
BPYX(Z)
.     :
SDHzVS-BP or HzVS-BP

.     :
SYX(Z) , Om , s

Through measuring up to 20 known Backsight Points, the instrument will calculate the station position, the circle orientation Om and the scale factor s.
In order to calculate the station height, the in-strument height ih and the target height th must be measured.

d
c
to input the instrument height ih. to confirm input of the station name.

Change projects to After the coordinate filter, select the required BP recall BP’s from another.
.     see Editor for other functions.

cd
Select first Backsight Point. to input a new BP If BP is not in list, input BP:

Mode for switching between YXZ, SDHzV and HDHzh.

.     Z = -9999.000 for Select the input fields with c. points without
Record with d. End Input with T.
known height

Free Stationing Measurement

Toggle measure mode SDHzV / HzV
BP with distance measurement
BP without distance measurement

Start BP measurement with dor [.

For a proper calculation it is possible to have a minimum of 2 BPs measured with

or 3 BPs measured with only

. Therefore:
Select the second BP and measure. You will then see the first adjustment screen:
c

to measure further BPs
+ to show the PI

Off/On to skip the BP measurement
Call up the point for intermediate Setting Out

The residuals here are zero, as this kind of selected adjustment method requires a third point for the residual computation.
It is possible to remove BPs from the adjustment to check their influence for the adjustment.

Use the cursors cbto select the point and then ±BP. The adjustment will be recalculated. Pressing the function key again, this point comes back into the adjustment.
If more points will be removed than required for the calculation, the following notice will be dis-played:

The program will automatically allow the meas-urement of further BPs as an adjustment.

will mark the point with a d to be deleted
New adjustment

to record the current adjustment and result 
Rslt  Results Display 

Coordinate Position Y, X (sy, sx)
Circle shift Om (so)
Scale Factor s (ss)
BPs marked with a d are removed from the ad-justment, and will be deleted when a new ad-justment computation is needed or selected.

The display screen will show the result of the Free Stationing and the standard deviations:

You will then return to the adjustment menu.

Adjustment Procedure
The Least Squares Adjustment (L2 Norm) has 2 variations:
(1)   
Single Point Adjustment

(2)   
Helmert Transformation

Measured distances will always be adjusted with a scale factor s = 1.000 000
.
The adjustment menu will allow the selection of both adjustment methods. That means that the results can be seen from both adjustment types.
The switch is fixed when
.    
when the Configuration Change is set to Off ,

.    
Measurement without distances, or less than two distance measurements (switch from SP-A to Helmert-Transf.)

The Residual Menu

The adjustment L2-Norm with a default setting of single point adjustment.

Switch to an adjustment with S absolute Residuals . Min (L1-Norm) Switch to Helmert Transformation

Adjustment:
vy vx vr  y-coordinate x-coordinate radial 
Mode  Is used within Helmert Transformation to switch between vl, va, vq 
SP-A  Switch to Single Point Adjustment 

Helmert Transformation
Measurements to the BPs require a distance measurement in order that this adjustment type can be used.
The Helmert Transformation has the same weighting for direction and distance.

Adjustment L2-Norm of the Helmert Trans-formation. A BP without distance measurement will not be used.

Single Point Adjustment
With SP-A it is possible to control error limits and direction and distance weighting in the Configu-ration menu. It is also possible to have BPs with-out a distance measurement.

Residuals of the SPA:

vl is only displayed for vl Residuals in length points with a distance. va Residual in angle bearing vq Residual in normal to direction

Scale Factor Free or Fixed

Standard: s = free
d
after input.
Default value s = fixed: 1.000000
Choosing a fixed scale factor will recall the scale range values set in the Configuration. If s= Free
, then a scale factor is computed for the adjustment.
If the scale factor input is outside the scale range values set in the Configuration, then the following screen is displayed:

I.e.: ± 5000 ppm scale range value.

to switch back Pressing Scle again sets the scale free and the adjustment will be computed again.

Configuration of Free Stationing

Configuration
Free Stationing

Setting of standard deviations for both observa-tions and centering define the weighting within the SP-A.

Configuration menu Free Stationing.

Default values are given as below:
Accuracy of directions: 
Directions:  0.0003 gon 
Accuracy of distances: 
Distance, constant:  0.001 m 
Distance, linear:  0 ppm 
Accuracy of centering: 
Centering of target:  0.000 m 

Configuration You can define as a standard, whether to use the Free Stationing SP-A
or the Helmert Transformation
and also whether to have a fixed
or a free
scale factor.

. Configuration Instrument Switch

. -9999 ￡ SR ￡ 9999
Select with W, confirm with d.
If Change
is Off
, you cannot change between
different types of adjustments in your stationing.

Possibility to change error limits, without neces-sarily breaking off your stationing process.

Select with ca, confirm with d.
The error limits will only be used, if the switch Error
Limits
is set to On
within the configuration menu.
Defining the range within which a scale factor will only be accepted.
The scale factor might change within the station-ing process.

Example: ±1500 ppm would accept scale factors of 0.998500 < s < 1.001500 as a result of the sta-tioning. So for distances of 100 m you would accept deviations of ±0.15 m.

Neighbourhood principle and Distance Reductions

Configuration
Free Stationing

The residulas for all BP′s of stationing will proportion-ally be spread over the co-ordinate space for all detail points and set out points, in order to comply to the so-called neighbourhood prin-ciple.

Measured distances can be corrected for projections into the Gauss-Krueger or the UTM system. They can also be corrected by a re-duction from the site height to the mean sea level.
The average distance from the main meridian is taken from the Gauss-Krueger-Coordinates of the Station-ing.

Mode: Off / Distance weights
n: 0.5 / 1 / 1.5 / 2
The residuals are spread according to distance dependent weights which are applied to a weighted average. So the coordinates of any new measured point are corrected by that individually averaged value.

Height : On / Off Projection: Gauss-Krueger / UTM / Off
If distance reductions are applied, they are used additionally to the existing scale factor s. In that case the scale factor s only represents tensions of the BP network and uncertainties in the meas-urements.

Error Handling
If at the end of your stationing error limits are exceeded for any BP, you will find that BP marked by e in column 1 and see the message:

Accept stationing despite the errors. Back to displaying the residuals.
If the preset range for the scale factor is exceeded, the following display appears:

Stationing is cancelled. 
Return to displaying the residuals. Solve the problem or extend the acceptance range for the scale. 

In case of a SP-A with directions measured only to 3 BP′s, the software checks the standpoint and the 3 BP′s not to be approximately located on a circle (no solution possible).

Heightstationing
. Heightstationing
After 2D stationing, a height stationing can be carried out using the BP measurements. At least one BP must have a known height value that was measured.
If no BP has a height value, it is possible to carry out a seperate heightstationing from the station-ing menu.

The results of the Free Station will be 2D. 
The height of the Free Station will be calculated from the BP measurements and the programs goes into the ad-justment menu of the height stationing. 

If it is not possilble to compute the height from the measured points of the planimetric stationing, then a normal Heightstationing follows.
After Heightstationing the final stationing result will be displayed:

Results of the Free Stationing
T
to exit the Free Stationing program:

Remain in the adjustment menu.
If the results of the Free Station are okay, then it is possible to go exit to the results display.

.     Error Handling The program will check the computed residuals against the error limits set in the Configuration.
Results Display

to record the results and use the coordinate orientation. 
Cancel the results of the Free Stationing without saving. 

Results Display of the Free Stationing in 3D.

By measuring up to a maximum of 20 Backsight Points from a known coor-dinate, it is possible to achieve position and orientation of the instru-ment within a coordinate system.
. 1 ￡ BP ￡ 20

to select a point from another project
to input a new station coordinate
X
XPi
XPi
XS

.
:
SYX(Z) , BPYX(Z)
. :
SDHzVS-BP or HzVS-BP

. :
Om , s

The circle orientation shift Om and the scale factor s
will be computed.
If no height coordinate is available for the known
point, it is possible to compute a Heightstation-ing.

Selecting Known Station
Coordinate points are filtered into the editor ready for selection:

If the required station is not in the file, it is possible to manually enter the data into the editor. Select the known point with d.

. see Editor for cto input the instrument height ih. other functions
d
to confirm the station.

Orientation of the known station is through:
(1)    
Backsight Points

(2)    
Input of a horizontal angle value

Select with band press d.

Orientation through Backsight Measurement

Select and measure up to 20 BPs from the Project:
.     Free Stationing Measurement and Adjustment

Select with cband press d. If BP = Station, comes the message:

After measurement to the first BP, the Residual Screen will be shown.

Measure further Press More to call up and measure further Back-Backsights sight Points.

Residual Screen. Softkeys similar Free Stationing.

If there is a distance measurement to one BP, a scale can be computed.

Results display

The display screen will show the results of the
Stationing and the standard deviations:
Circle shift Om (so)
Scale factor s (ss)

Configuration of Stationing on a known point

.     Configuration The Configuration is the same as that for Free Programs Stationing.
Orientientation through input and measurement of a bearing

Input a bearing angle APi.

c
to input , dto meaure and orientate the
Hz-Circle.
After orientation, the results of the stationing are
displayed.

Results of Stationing on a Known Point
.
Heightstationing Tfrom the residual screen to exit. If no

height is known for the station, then the height-stationing routine will be automatically called.

.    
Free Stationing The program will check the stationing results Error Handling against the set error limits.

Results display of a 3D Stationing of a known station
point.
Check the results,

to save the results, implement the otientation and exit the program. 
Leave the Stationing without saving the results. 

The heightstationing is used in conjunction with a 2D stationing or as a seperate menu program.

. 1 ￡ BP ￡ 20 Z

BP
ZPi

ZPi

BP

ZS

X/Y
.
:
BP(YX) Z
. :
SDHzVS-BP

. :
ZS

The Station height ZS will be calculated from up to a maximum of 20 Backsightpoints.
All measurements are performed in the SDHzV
mode, with scale factor s=1. After height-stationing the previously used scale factor is re-activated.

Enter station point ID and instrument height ih after selection in menu Stationing.
Continue with d. To be proceeded with Heightstationing in the same way as after any stationing in the x-y plane:
2 alternatives for Heightstationing:
(1)
Measure to BP′s

(2)
Enter a height value

Measurement and Adjustment

to measure more BP′s Off / on to skip or to activate BP′s in the adjustment. 
Cfg  Configuration Heightstationing 

Select BP with known height and measure.

Definine distance range for weight p = 1.

Define maximum deviation in height.
Entering a height value

Selction of BP′s and measurements to be per-formed the same way as in . Measurement Free Stationing. After one BP being measured the display for residuals appears.

Display of residuals in Heightstationing. For analysis of the results use the same function keys as in Free Stationing.
Heightstationing uses the principle of a weighted average according to the predefined weights (set in Configuration).

Exam.:  up to 30 m distance  . p = 1 
from 30 m distance on  . p = c2 / D2 
c = 0  . p = 1 / D2 

You can manually enter the height of the station point. Then there is no measurement.

After the height entry, Heightstationing is done.

Results of the Heightstationing

Show result of The height of your station and is standard devia-Heightstationing tion are displayed:

T
When pressed in the display of the resiudals: Heightstationing is finished and the result is checked in accordance with the preset error limit for the actual deviation in height. That error limit to be previously defined in Configuration.

to save the results, implement the Heightstationing and exit the program. 
Leave the Heightstationing without saving the results. 

Check the results,

If Heightstationiong was previously called from a stationiong in the x-y plane, the program auto-matically returns to that stationing menu, to show the overall stationing results.

If the detail points and the set out points cannot be measured from a station on a known point, it is feasible to set up the station on a unknown point close to the known point (the so-called center point).
.    
2 ￡ BP+CP ￡ 20

.    
all function keys please see

Free Stationing
X
XS

Y
.
:
BPYX(Z) , Center YX(Z)
.     :
SDHzVExz.-Z , HzVExz.-BP

.     :
Ecc.YX(Z) , Om

Measure directions

to the BP′s and com-bined distances and directions

to the center point: With these data the coordinates of your station and the orientation Om of the horizontal circle are determined. Up to 20 BP′s (including the center point) can be measured.
Stationing in the x-y plane and Heightstationing are done separately. In case of Heightstationing, you have to input instrument height and prism height.

d
to confirm the entry of ecc. station
Then you can display the coordinates of the center point in the editor:

Select the center point and press Enter.

Measurement Eccentric Station

+

Measure

SDHzV (Center) by dor [.
Then select and measure first BP in the measure-ment mode

HzV:

. Free Stationing
Measurement Free Stationing
The display of the residuals is similar to the other types of stationing:

The adjustment is according to a weighted aver-age.

More BP Measurements Scale factor

Backsight:  Measure another BP 
Center:  Re-measure center point 
(optional). 

.  all other function keys please see Free Stationing 
.  Free Stationing Results of Free Stationing 

In Eccentric Stationing the scale factor cannot be free. However, you can enter any fixed scale fac-tor, as long as it is in accordance with the pre-configured scale range.
Default: s = 1.000000

The Eccentric Stationing concludes in the same way as Free Stationing. You can then proceed with Heightstationing, if required.

Display of the results of Eccentric Stationing and Heightstationing.

for storing the results and then finishing the Eccentric Stationing. 
Leave Eccentric Stationing without recording the results. 

After a stationing in a higher-order coordinate system the program Coordinates follows with the measurement of detail points or the setting-out of points in this coordinate system.

Determination of the coor-dinates and heights of new points by distance and an-gle measurement in a higher-order coordinate system.
The actual stationing will be used by the Detail Point program (including the scale factor).
The program Detail Points is similar to the program Measure in a Local System.

Selection of the  measuring mode

Y X Z SD Hz V HD Hz h

Recording Mode:

R-M, R-C, R-MC R-M                   R-M, R-C, R-MC
. Configuration
Instrument Switches

d
or [to measure the point.
R-M for original measured data R-C for computed data   R-MC includes R-M and R-C
It is possible to record oriented (by stationing, see figure) or not-oriented Hz-directions. For coordinate computation oriented Hz-directions will be used.

Stationing Check, displays the actual Stationing.
Indirect Survey

Eccentricity /
Intersection

Eccentricity
. Length L < 100 m Reflector Offset:

right of left of

front of behind

slope (in sighting axis) to the Center.

toggling between options.
Type: Eccentricity Type: Intersection

Eccentricity

Center PointS

W  toggling between options. 
Mode  Once  for a one off Measurement, 
Mode  Perm  for a permanent eccentricity, 
Mode  Off  to cancel. 
Height  On  To use the height of the  eccentric point in position left,  right, front of or behind to the  center. The center height is calculated for a slope eccenter. 
Off  no height coordinate. 

Intersection (indirect points)
Intersection
1.HzV

point

Case of measurement:
2.Distance

Angle/Dist. perpend.

general 
W  toggling between options. 
Mode  Once  for a one off Measurement, 
Mode  Perm  for a permanent eccentricity, 
Mode  Off  to cancel. 

Hidden Point Measurement

Call Hidden Point
Recording Modes HidP:

R-M R-M, R-C, R-MC R-M, R-C, R-MC
R1
R2

P

R2
-P-
P
Distance of the reflector point R2 to the rod point
R1
-
R2

-R2Distance of th reflectors R1 and R2 on the rod

Mode:  similar to eccentric measure 
Tolerance:  permitted maximum value for 
accuracy of the R1-R2 distance. 

Default value: 0.003 m
The program gives a hint, if the tolerance value is bigger than permitted.

The program defines the order of measuring R1 and R2 by the help of the display information.
The height ZP will be computed from the station height ZSTATION, the instrument height ih and the R1-R2-P distance.

Object Height Measurement

After measurement to one reference point with modes
SD Hz V HD Hz h Y X Z
this function key is available.
Switches the display of HDOh, HzV ,SDHzV HD Hz h , Y X Z

The reference point defines the line Instrument-Reflector (I-R) and the vertical plane normal to I-R. Now it is possible, to measure object heights to points in that plane only by
HzV angle measurement:
HD  Horizontal distance I-R 
O  Orthogonal dev. L-R (90° to I-R) 
h  Object height to R (reference point) 

Measure in modes

. Eccentric
point measurement also possible.

d
to measure object height + orthogonal deviation with

.
Mode is a switch between the display of HD O h and HD Hz h. Recording with Rec.

HD     Horizontal Distance I-L
h     Height difference with respect to Station I
Vertikal Plane

After measuring to two reference points in Mode
D Hz V E Hz h                 y x z
is this function   accessible.
Switches the display of HzV ,SDHzV HD Hz h , Y X Z

Measuring 

2 points PE will define a vertical plane. Once the plane is ‘ established, points in the plane Pi can be  measured only by the use of angles 

. There is no need to measure a distance. The coordinates of Pi are measured in the defined Coordinate Sys-tem.
Messung Referenzpunkt mit

oder
.

Toggle the Mode softkey to see HD Hz h and record with Rec:
h     Height difference with respect to Station 

Connecting Distances
The connecting dis-tance to the last 
measured point will be computed. 
Rec  To record the con-
necting distance 

2 Face Measurement

Press Rec to record the connecting distance.
d
or Tback to the measuring menu without recording.
toggles between face 1 and face 2. 
.  Configuration Programs General Functions 2-Face-Measurem. 

After measurement in face 1 comes the request to turn the instrument in face 2. Turn the instrument through 180 degrees in Hz and V for measuring in face 2.
The measurement values and mean values of measurement in face 1 and face 2 will be com-puted and stored as defined in the program con-figuration.
If the error limits are exceeded, comes

To accept and save the mean value.
No saving. New measurement is possible.

Value Corrections
. Configuration
Instrument
. Configuration
Programs
. Annex
Formulae

With this switch, One can toggle the various corrections On and Off.

Compensator On
The measured values will be subjected to the following corrections:
.
Influence of Temperature and Pressure (SD)

.
Prism Constant (SD)

.
Inclination of the Vertical Axis (HzV)

.
Horizontal Collimation + Vertical Index (HzV)

.
Trunnion axis (Hz)

.
Circle Eccentricity (HzV)

.
FineLock Corrections (HzV)

The calculated values (HD, h, X, Y, Z) will be com-puted from the corrected measured values and are corrected by the following (selectable) influ-ences:

.
Scale factor from stationing

.
Projection reduction (Gauss-Krueger or UTM)

.
Height reduction

.
Refraction and earth curvature

.
Best-fit Adjustment
The exact formulae are given in the annex.

Toggle with W, Confirm with d.
After switching on the instrument all corrections are switched to On
.

When the Compensator is switched on, the com-pensator symbol will be displayed.

Setting-out of coordinated points.
The actual stationing will be used by the Setting Out program (including the scale factor).
The PositionLight of the ZEISS Elta C Series is very useful for setting out points and will drastically reduce the time needed to set out a point.
.     Configuration Instrument Switches Reference System
Rectangular Coordinates

.
: S, P
.
: (SD, Hz, V)S-A

:
: (dl, dq, dr)P-A

4-10

Setting out menu.
It is possible to record oriented (by stationing) or not-oriented Hz-directions. For setting out parameter computation, oriented Hz-directions will be used.
Setting out using coordinates Y, X, Z with or-thogonal corrections dl, dq, dr or coordinate corrections dy, dx, dz. After the call-up there is a selection of the set out points supported by a coordinate filter from the project file.

to enter a co-ordinate

select another project
.     Data Management
Editor

Call up a new point from project file without saving the last point meas-urement.
.     ZEISS Elta C Series
PositionLight

Recall the set out point from the project data. It is possible to recall points from another project, or input directly.

After selection the direction and distance to the set out point is displayed.
The prism should be aligned to the telescope direction. Use the PositionLight of ZEISS Elta C Series for an optical aid for aligning the prism.
d     measure the position of the prism and displayes the setting out screen.
The Setting Out screen

T
to save the set out coordinates and to select another point e.g. from another project file.
Pressing ModeMo
de will display other values:de

Selection of misclosures:         dl, dq, dr or dy, dx, dz

PositionLight

Distance: Tracking  Distance: Normal

Record mode
Configuration  Recording
.     Configuration Program  Coordinates  Setting Out
dl, dq, dr  length, cross, and radial 
misclosures 
dy, dx, dz  coordinate differences 
HD  Horizontal Distance 
da  Angle misclosure 

If the errror limits for a set out point are exceeded, then the display will show a star as a warning.
Setting out with Tracking
Using PositionLight and Distance Tracking to-gether provides the fastest solution.
The distance softkey is used to turn the  distance tracking on and off.
Recording of the set out point is only possible after a normal distance measurement
A single measurement is activated with
d
or [.
Recording
The recording mode is set using the softkey R-M, R-C, R-MC. In the Configuration Coordinates Setting Out Recording can be set, which values should be registrated.

Before recording, the error in the setting out is compared with the error limits set in the configu-ration.
If the error limits are exceeded:

to repeat the measurement. Record and call the next point.

Zooming the dl, dq  display.

Press  Plot again for normal viewing.
Station Check

This is used to check that the correct station coor-dinates are occupied, and that the orientation of the circle is correct for the coordinate system.

This chapter descripes advanced applications in the daily surveyors practical work. This applica-tions are implemented in the menu Coordinates and Special of the Elta.C software.

Determination of Point-to-Line distances. The line is defined by angle and dis-tance measurement of two points or the recall of these points from the project file.

Pi P2 -yi

P1

Pi Station

S

Survey by quasi-perpendiculars or staking out of points or profiles orthogonal to a line can be done by the help of this measuring method.
The line defining points P
1
and P
2
can be meas-ured from a free selectable Station S.S

For the point measuring P
i
orthogonal to the line in a local system the x-axis will be defined by P
1
P
2
with P
1
as the coordinate origin.
The heights refer to line point P
1
with height z=0 or a heightstationing.
Selection of measuring in a local system or a coordinate system.

Measuring in a local system

The last measured line and their coordi-
nates will be loaded by the program. 
Program goes further with.

Line measuring:

The height reference for defining the line can be selected by the Softkey Zon:
1. Height from P
1

2.
Height from heightstationing

3.
No height (Zoff)
If no other height reference is defined, the height

d
from P
1
is default
or [ to measure line point P
1

d
or [ to measure line point P
2

If PP
1
and P
2
are identical, a message appears in the program.

Switch on and se-lect the height ref-erence
No height New line measuring

Station check
Switching the dis-play to show
y x z or y x Z HD Hz h SD Hz V
Height on Interpolated height No height
Result of the measured line P
1
P
2
. The x-axis is defined by both points with point P
1
as the coor-dinate origin.
d
Accept the line measurement.
To check the station coordinates refering to the coordinate system defined by the line.

Point-to-Line distance measurement
After defining the line, point P
i
measuring can be done. The orthogonal position and the line dis-tance of the points (yi , xi) to the line P
1
P
2
will be computed:

d
or [ to measure the points P
i
.
The heights h
i
of the P
i
can be interpolated to the defined line P
1
- P-
P
2
by toggling the height softkey to Zint.

P
i

h
i

P
2

P
1

Measuring in a coordinate system

A stationing must be done before measuring poin-to-line distances in a coordi-nate system.

Back to the Editor to call-up the line point from project file
The program starts similar to the local system. You will be asked whether or not you wish to use the last line.
Line definition
can be done by
.    
Measuring both line points (similar to the local system),

.    
Call-up of both points from project file,

.    
Combination between measuring and call-up for both points.

In case of a new line definition the program leads automatically to the call-up (Edit) for the first point P
1
:

T
d
call-up the point P
1
from project file or goes to the measurement menu:

d
or [ to measure line point P
1

Measuring or calling-up of the second line points leads to the result display:

s Length of line

Station check     The local Station coordinates refering to coordi-nate system defined by the line will be displayed (not the higher-order coordinates):

.  Configuration Programs Special Point to Line 
.  Point-to-Line Distance Local System 

Display of the station coordinates.

Point-to-Line distance measurement
The measurement is similar to measuring in a local system.

For the entry of point in-formation and coordinates. Display and editing of the

The editor menu displays the addresses of the
project file using selectable
current project file and their contents in an abbre-
output filters.
viated form (27 PI characters).
If an output filter has been set, this is indicated in the menu title bar.
Keys frequently used in the editor
c b
Up and down cursor keys
Y X
Scrolling the display by four address items
U S
Jump to the first and last addresses
W
Navigating between input fields Tab
T
d
Recording entries Quitting the editor
Quitting an input menu (Inpt, Edit)
T
Quitting the current input menu.
If any entries made have not been saved with

d
the following enquiry appears:

The change (entry) is saved. The change is not saved.

Entering a data record

Editor input menu Select Inpt to get to the editor input menu:

Switching between the entry of

Y X Z / y x z SD Hz V HD Hz h

Incrementation for the entry off Incrementation for the entry on
Changing the marking
Calling the code-list
.     Measurement in a local System Use of codelists
Entry of: Po
in
t iden
tifica
tio
n
(PI)

Coor
d
i
nat
e
s

Directio
n
s
a
n
d dis
t
a
n
ces

The Mode button permits you to switch between different input modes (corresponding to the measuring modes).

Recording the entry
The data line entered is saved at the end of the current project file at the address displayed in the address window.
d
For recording.
The line entered remains available in the display and can be edited for the next input line.
The memory address for the next input line is incremented by 1.
T
Quitting the input menu.

Editing a data record

Editing a  Select a measured or entered record in the editor 
data record menu using the cursor buttons. Press the Edit 
button to have the complete record displayed. 

Changing the  marking
Calling the code list
Recording  a record
Search for record or address
Only coordinates or values defined by input can be edited here in the displayed input mode. Origi-nal measured data cannot be edited.
Y X
Selecting further records for display-ing and (if possible) editing. 
If you select a record to which attributes such as headers, scale, ih, project info line etc. have been assigned by the program, the record is displayed and the PI can be edited using Edit:

Display of an attribute line (e.g. Info Line).
d
Save and Quitting the display  
The edited record is saved without the need to quit the editing function. The same address in the project data file is used for saving.
Searching for a record or address
. Searching for records

Filtering of records

Setting an output filter
For data transfer or dele-tion, it is often advisable to define a filter by combining several optional criteria. Only the relevant records are then displayed for fur-ther use in the editor.

Menu for the generation of filters. The filter cur-rently selected is displayed. If no filter has been set, the input fields are blank.
Filter options
.   
  Point identification (text or code blocks)

.   
  Addresses from – to

.   
  Point numbers from – to

.   
  Attributes of values (Y-X-Z, SD Hz V, etc.)

.   
  Combinations of these options

Filter effect
.   
  If the PI is used for filtering, only the records    with the selected marking are filtered.

.   
  If other criteria are used for filtering, the      filter applies to all markings

.   
  With a combination of PI + other criteria,     the selected marking applies.

Setting a filter
Press  d to activate the selected filter. After that, the filtered brief display appears again. The

Resetting an out-Resetting a filter put filter

Activating or changing the marking
Filtering acc. to coding with code-lists

Address filter Delault address range: from: first address to: last address

All the data of a project is displayed.
Point identification filter
Select Mark to activate the current marking or to change to a different marking.
If the marking defines code blocks, you can select these as filter attributes using Code.

Example: Filtering for records with "Spl“ code and point numbers with the leading numbers 1013.
Enter your data in line with the format of the selected marking (blanks are significant).
Filtering according to address ranges
Set an output filter from address i to address j.

Example: Filtering for records in the address range 1 to 88 of the complete project file.

Point number Filtering according to point number ranges filter
Set an output filter from point number i to point number j.

Filtering acc. to data attributes
? is like a wildcard
Example: Filtering of the point numbers 8000 to 8015 for data records which include the data attributes Y X Z for the selected marking.
Filtering according to point numbers is independ-ent of the marking, unless PI is used as a filter criterion at the same time.
Other in-between records containing information (headers, text lines, etc.) are omitted.
Filtering according to data attributes
By default, all data attributes are accepted for filtering. The Mode input field shows All in this case.

The Mode softkey permits you to filter out the following 11 data combinations:
All / SD-Hz-V / Hz-V / HD-Hz-h / y-x-z / y-x-? / ?-?-z / Y-X-Z / Y-X-? / ?-?-Z / HD-O-h

Searching for data records

Calling up search

Changing the Mark- When you select a different marking, the search 
ing  mask is deleted. The layout of the placeholders "?“ 
is automatically adapted to the new marking. 
If code fields have been defined in the selected 
Calling the Code- marking, you can search the code from the asso-
list  ciated codelist. 

Mask-oriented search for data lines according to different criteria. The output filter currently se-lected is effective.
Search options: Poi
n
t
numb
e
r

Cod
e
or
t
e
x
t

T
i
me (if in
cl. in
ma
rkin
g)

Comb
i
n
at
i
on of
t
h
ese o
p
t
i
ons

To enter the search criterion, proceed in the same way as for the setting of a PI filter.
If you have searched for a mask before, this mask is offered for editing or for continued search.

Search to file end
Search to file be-ginning
Search for/calling up addresses
d
Starts the search.
The search starts at the current address and con-tinues downwards to the file end. You can use the up and down keys ?.
and ?.
to change the search direction. If the search is not successful, the following message is displayed:

If the search is successful, the cursor moves to the relevant record in the editor brief display.

Enter:     1
≤
  a
ddres
s
≤
  n
(n=last address used)
The last address n of the project file is always displayed by default.
The start and result of the search correspond to those of the Srch function. The output filter cur-rently selected is effective.

Search for/calling up point numbers

Enter: Poin number
Poi
nt
numb
e
r

The start and result of the search correspond to those of the Srch function. The output filter cur-rently selected is effective.

Search and re-
place
Mask-oriented search for and replacement of data lines in the same way as in the Srch function.
Enter:  ch  mask
Sear
c
h
mask (-string) 
placement maskR
e
placement mask
(-string) 
b  To entry of the replacement string 
d  Start search / replace 
?.
Search direction 

Confirmation of replacement:

All strings conforming to the search crite-rion are replaced by the new string with-out prior enquiry.
Each replacement is preceded by an en-quiry, with a display of the data line found:

The displayed data line is replaced by the 
new line. 
No replacement, search is continued. 

After completion of the search / replacement, the result is displayed: 

Deleting data records

Deletes data re-This function deletes the data line marked by cords cursor in the project file:

The record is deleted.
No deletion, return to the editor menu

If an output filter is set, this function deletes all records set in the current output filter:

All records in the current output filter are deleted.
The current output filter is then reset, and all un-deleted data of the project file is displayed again.

No deletion, return to the editor menu
After deletion, the data memory can be reorgan-ized in the same way as by the OrgP function:

Data memory reorganization. Caution! This deletes the data good!  for 
No data memory reorganization.  Atten-

tion! Gaps in the addresses! But the data re-mains available in the project file!
Data recovery after dele-tion?
Yes, but be careful when using external editors !

Further function keys  After the deletion of records, you return to editor menu (brief display).  the 
Project change  You can change the current project withouing to quit the editor. When you quit the ethe project originally selected is reloaded.  t hav-ditor, 
Data memory reor-ganization  Reorganizes the data memory in the currenject.  t pro-
This button is available if data has been delwithout subsequent memory reorganizatioif address gaps therefore exist in the projec eted n, and t file. 

Data memory reorganization. Caution! This deletes the data good!  for 
No data memory reorganization.  Atten-

tion! Gaps in the addresses! But the data re-mains available in the project  file!

Data transfer can be done between  by 
RS232C ble interface .
ca- ZEISS Elta C  PC.
Cable Infrared 
This allows comprehensive yet easy data man-agement and exchange. The software functional-ity for data transfer is the same on the instrument via radio 

Cable for data transfer us- Data transfer Trimble 3600 
PC 
ing the Xon/Xoff protocol: 
Instrument
  PC  instrument
  PC 
Cable:  Connect both devices by a serial interface cable 
Cat. No.  and start the necessary programs for data trans-
708177-9470.000  fer. 
.  Data Transfer  Infrared data transfer at this menu level is not 
Zeiss Control Center  supported. A solution for infrared data transfer is 
given by the Zeiss Control Center. 

Hyperterminal Settings
Example WindowsTM 95/98 or WindowsTM NT Hyper- Terminal Program:
Tip: for a much faster data transmission switch off the “local echo” in the Hyper-terminal ASCII-Configuration.
The COM port settings can be switched in the Hyper-Terminal Program of WindowsTM 98 or WindowsTM NT under FIle > Properties > Con-figuration as follows:

To send or receive a project file, select for transfers “Send text file“ or “Receive text file“:

Data transmission

For the transmission of data files.

Transmits data file Use the cursor keys to select the project file re-quired and transmit it with Send.

Configuration of interface parame-ters

Configuration of interface parameters. The same parameters has to be set on the external device (PC e.g.).
Baudrate: 2400 / 9600 / 19200 (default) 38400 / 57600 / 115200 Parity: no / odd / even Protocoll: Xon-Xoff / Ln-Ctl / Rec500 Data bits: 8 / 7 Stop bits: 1 / 2 Interface: Cable / Infrared
d
W
to select parameters, to accept.

Data reception

For receiving data files.

to enter the target file name

Configuration of interface parame-ters

Enter the new file name.
d
to accept sets the instrument in the receiving mode.
The instrument is now waiting for the file from the transmitting end:

T
to continue after receiving the data. Target drive on the Instrument: D:DATEN
Cofiguration of interface parameters is similar to Send Data.

Zeiss Control Center

Runs under     PC program for data transfer via serial interface.
Windows. 95/98/NT     With  Zeiss Elta C Series software release V1.04 or higher the instrument communicates via infrared interface to the Zeiss Control Center on a PC.
ZEISS Elta C Series
System Controller:

Start Remote Service (Cable or Infrared) in the system control menu on the instrument.
Automatic scan of all serial interface ports (cable or infrared) on PC for a connected instrument.
The files selected on PC or instrument will be cop-ied to the target directory displayed on the other
window. 
For further information: . for Center.  User Manual  Zeiss Control 

M5 data format
Project file <NAME>.DAT <NAME> Project name
M5 record format
1 Address block
1 information block 3 numerical data blocks
M5 data line
When you set up a new project, an ASCII project
file is created whose records conform to a prede-fined format.

The Elta C Series uses the Zeiss M5 data format
which is the common standard for all current Zeiss
surveying systems.

All 5 data blocks are preceded by a type identifier.
The 3 numerical data blocks have a standard lay-out comprising 14 digits. In addition to the deci-mal point and sign, they accept numeric values
with the specified number of decimal places.
The information block is defined by 27 characters.
It is used for point identification (PI) and text in-formation (TI e.g.).
The address block is comprised of 5 digits (from
address 1 to 99999).

The data line of the M5 format has a length of 121 characters (bytes). The multiplication of this figure by the number of addresses (lines) stored gives you the volume of the project file in bytes.
Blanks are significant characters in the M5 file and must not be deleted.
The example describes an M5 data line at address 176 with coordinates (YXZ) recorded in unit m.
m.
The point identification of marking 1 is DDKS S402 4201. Column 119 includes a blank (no error code).
The end of the line has CR, LF (columns 120 and 121, shown here as <=).

Col. 120-121:  Carriage Return <, Line Feed 
Column 119:  Internal CZ code field or blank 
Col. 114-117:  Unit for block5 

Column 99-112: Block5 value block

Column 96-97:  Type identifier5 for block5 
Column 91-94:  Unit for block4 
Column 76-89:  Block4  value block 
Column 73-74:  Type identifier4 for Block4 
Column 68-71:  Unit for block3 
Column 53-66:  Block3 value block 
Column 50-51:  Type identifier3 for block3 
Column 22-48:  Information block PI or TI 
(point identification PI or 
text information TI, TO etc.) 
Column 18-20:  Type identification2 PIa (a=1-0, 
for 10 Markings) or TI 
Column 12-16:  Memory address of data line 
Column 8-10:  Type identifier1 Adr for address 
Column 1-6:  Defines M5 format 
￠ blank  |
separator 

Explanations to the data line 
Abbr.  Description  Digits  Characters  Meaning 
For  Format identifier  M5 3  alpha  Elta. Format 
Format type  2  alpha  5 meas. data blocks 
Adr  Address identifier 3  alpha  Value1 
Value1  5  numeric  Memory address 
T2  Type identifier  2  alpha  Value2 (PIa ,TI, TO...) 
a  Marking Value2  1  numeric  a=1, 2, 3 ,..., 9, 0 
27  alpha  PI or TI 
T3  Type identifier 2  alpha  Value3 
Value3  14  numeric  14-digit value  
dim3  Unit  4  alpha  4-digit unit 
T4  Type identifier 2  alpha  Value4 
Value4  14  numeric  14-digit value 
dim4  Unit  4  alpha  4-digit unit 
T5  Type identifier 2  alpha  Value5 
Value5  14  numeric  14-digit value 
dim5  Unit  4  alpha  4-digit unit 
?  Identifier  1  alpha  CZ code, or . 
Special characters  ASCII code  Hex code 
|  Separator  1  ASCII 124  Hex 7C 
.  Blank  1  ASCII 32  Hex 20 
<  CR (Carriage Return)  1  ASCII 13  Hex 0D 
=  LF (Line Feed)  1  ASCII 10  Hex 0A 

The instrument adjustment defines all corrections and correction values for the ZEISS Elta C Series which are required to ensure optimum measuring accuracy.

Adjustment methods

The menu item Adjustment offers the following ad-justment programs:
Instrument Corrections Standard
Compensator
Increased strain placed on the instrument by ex-treme measuring conditions, transportation, pro-longed storage and major changes in temperature may lead to misalignment of the instrument and faulty measuring results. Such errors can be elimi-nated by instrument adjustment or by specific measuring methods.

Adjustment menu.
Determination of the vertical index correction (V index) and sighting axis correction (Hz collima-tion).
Determination of the compensator run center.

Instrument errors and their correction
i
Vertical index correction
The vertical index error is the zero point error of the vertical circle with respect to the vertical shaft.
c     Sighting axis correction
The sighting axis error is the departure from right angles between the trunnion axis and sighting axis.
k     Trunnion axis correction
The trunnion axis error is the departure from right angles between the trunnion axis and vertical shaft. It is deter-mined at the works and its correction is stored in the instrument.
Further errors are:
Compensator run center error

Adjusting V-Index / Hz-Collimation

Determination of the sighting axis and vertical index corrections, or setting the values c = i = 0.

Determination of the c and i values by measurement in two faces.
The vertical index and sighting axis corrections should be recomputed after prolonged storage or transportation of the instrument, after major temperature changes and prior to precise height measurements.

To determine the corrections, sight a clearly visible target in Hz and V from a distance of approx. 100 m. The sighting point should be close to the hori-zontal plane (in the range V = 100grads ±10grads).

The current c and i values are displayed in the readings window.
c sighting axis correction i vertical index correction

dfor measurement in face 1.
Then turn the instrument through 180 degrees in Hz and V in face 2. Sight the same point again.
dfor measurement in face 2.

The new vertical index and sighting axis corrections are computed automatically.

The new values are saved.
The old values are retained.

Tolerance exceeded
If either the c or i value exceeds the admissible range of ± 50 mgrads, the following error mes-sage appears:

The values are not saved, and the menu for new calculation is displayed again.

Setting the c and i values to zero.

Adjusting Compensator
Compensator Vertical axis
axis Sighting axis direction

Determination of the com-pensator run center and checking of the instrument levelling.

Determination of the new run center components sk and sz.
The ZEISS Elta C Series features a dual-axis compen-sator which compensates any vertical shaft incli-nations remaining after instrument levelling both in the sighting and trunnion axis directions.
To check the compensator, its run center should be determined at regular intervals and in particu-lar prior to precise height measurements.

The current run center values for sk and sz are displayed in the readings window
sk component in trunnion axis direction sz component in sighting axis direction
In New Calculation wait for the request to turn the instrument in Hz-direction to 0 degrees.

dto continue displays the results of the automatically computed center point:

The new values are saved.
The old values are retained.

Calling up the "Electronic level" display for levelling the instrument.
. First Steps
Before Measure-ment

The signs of the inclination values in position 1 have to be interpreted as follows:
Inclination Trunnion axis Sighting axis
positive value: to the right to the front
negative value: to the left to the back
Use the tribrach footscrews to set the inclination values roughly to zero. More precise levelling is not required if compensation has been activated. At any rate, the residual inclinations should be within the compensator working range (±0.092 grad).

The DR EDM System (Option)
The red laser beam used for measuring without reflector is arranged coaxially with the line of sight of the telescope, and emerges from the objective port. If the instrument is well adjusted, the red measuring beam will coincide with the visual line of sight. External influences such as shock or large temperature fluctuations can displace the red measuring beam relative to the line of sight.

Inspection of the direction of the laser beam

Check the system at regular intervals in order to avoid faulty measurements. A reflective target foil is provided. Set it up between 25 and 50 metres away facing the instrument. Move the telescope to face II. Switch on the red laser beam by acti-vating the laser pointer function. Direct the in-strument with the centre of the target plate and then inspect the position of the red laser spot with respect to the hair cross of the instrument. If the red laser spot lies outside the limits of the cross, the direction of the beam needs to be adjusted until it coincides with the hair cross.

Adjusting the Direction of the Beam

With the configuration, you can adjust the Instrument to all measurement conditions and requests taking into account an optimum of op-erator convenience.

b
and dor with keys <to @for a directly menu selection.
Generally, the settings of the configuration are stored permanently. Exceptional cases (temporary storage) are indicated in the description.

Operation in the submenus
For the setting of switches or input of information and data, resp., the handling of the menus of the configuration is based on a common concept. The following keys are frequently used:
cbW
Cursor positioning ;
-DKeys for direct selecting of submenus
Tab
W  Toggling in selection fields 
d  Confirming entrance and quitting 
T  Quitting of submenu; when settings have been changed, the following question is asked prior to quitting: 

. Trimble.
3600

Change accepted
System Operation
No change of settings
This user information is a pre-requisit for the fol-lowing descriptions.

Setting and checking of all switches, parameters and
Menu of the instrument configuration.
options necessary for best operation of the instru-
b
and dor with keys ;to Dfor
ment.
a directly menu selection.

Overview Instrument Configuration

911 Instrument Type
912 External Distance Calibration
913 Switches 9131 Illumination 9132 Peripheries 9133 Adjustments 9134 Units / Decimal 9135 Reference 9136 Recording 9137 Error 9138 Operation
916 Clock 917 On/Off-Configuration 918 Language 919 Batteries 910 Default

Definition, whether meas-uring with instrument or by manual input.

Display and input of calibra-tion scale and addition correction for supplemen-tary correction of distance measurement.

Type:  ZEISS Elta C Series 
Manual Input 
Type-ID:  Cat. Number 
Ser. Number:  Instrument serial number 
SW Version:  Installed Software Release. 
PC Version:  Display of PC Type 
1=8086 Processor 
2=486 Processor 

Calibration scale: Default = 1.000000
.     0.995000 < Km < 1.005000
Addition correction:     Default = 0.0 mm . -10.0 mm ￡ Ac ￡ 10.0 mm

Switching instrument func-tions and their parameters on and off.
Menu Switches for instrument configuration.

Switching on and off and adjusting the illumination
Cross Hair: on / off
available in the instrument.
and the switches for the display illumination: Display: on / off

Cross Hair on Brightness: low / normal / high
Display on Contrast: 0 (low) to 10 (high)

Switching sensors and ac-tuators on and off.

PositionLight on
W
Toggling all switches On
.
Off.
Laserpointer ON
Laserpointer OFF: Once -after each measure-
ment or 2 min 10 min -after 10 min Off -pointer On always

Activating and deactivating corrections to the measured bearings and distances. WToggling all switches On
.
Off.
Default: all switches On
.

Compensator On
. Annex
Glossary

Modification of display of measuring units and num-
Distances: m ft
ber of decimal places.
Decimal places: 1-4 1-4
Angles: grads DMS deg mil
Decimal places: 1-5 0-1 1-5 1-4
Temperature: °C °F
Decimal places: 0-1 0-1
Pressure: hPa Torr inHg
Decimal places: 0-1 0-1 1

Modification of display of coordinate systems and definition of angles and bearings.
Examples
Assignment of coordinates:
X

Y

N
Y-X

X-Y
E-N

YX EIndication sequence: Y-X /X-Y E-N /N-E Height: Z El Vertical reference system:

Zenith angle

Vertical angle
0grad 90°
100grad

300grad
0°

180°
200grad  270° 
1: Zenith angle  2: Vertical angle
unit 400 grads  unit 360° 
Height angle  Slope [%] 
1600mil

0mil

0mil

-1600mil

Examples 3: Height angle 4: Slope [%] unit 6400 mil unit %

Hz-Direction:
absolute:
recording of the absolute (default) (original) Hz circle reading.
orientated:
recording of the oriented (by stationing) Hz direction.

Switches the data storage On
or Off
.
Recording On
Default value:     Recording On

Target Drive:     Internal (A: or D:DATEN) External (RS232C)
Format:     Rec E (M5, internal + external) Rec500 (only external)

Configuration of interface parame-ters

Configuration of interface parameters. The same parameters has to be set on the external device (PC e.g.).
Baudrate: 2400 / 9600 / 19200 38400 / 57600 / 115200 Parity: no / odd / even Protocol: Xon-Xoff / Ln-Ctl / Rec500 Data bits: 8 / 7 Stop bits: 1 / 2 Interface: Cable / Infrared

Error limits Off Default value:  Error limits On
Error limits On  Switches the error limits set in the configuration of 
the programs On
or Off
. 

Defines the position of the motion knobs for right-handed or left-handed op-eration in face 1 in instru-ments with 2 control units.

Configures the key press frequency for alphanumeri-cal input.

Operation in face 1:
righthanded / lefthanded

Selection of a value 1-5. This value defines the time until the cursor goes automatically one posi-tion to the right in the alphanumeric input field. During this time the dual assignment swichover for the alpha-letter selection can be done.
(Value 1 = 1.3 sec , ... , Value 5 = 0.7 sec)

Modification of date and time display.

for time input for date input Configuration
display time / date

Configuration of functions to be executed after boot-ing or before loading the application.

Time format: 
24 HH.MM
24 Hours:Minutes 
24 HH:MM:SS
24 Hours:Minutes:Seconds 
12 HH:MM
12 Hours:Minutes 
12 HH:MM:SS
12 Hours:Minutes:Seconds 
Date format: 
TT.MM.JJ
Day.Month.
Year 
MM.TT.JJ
Month.
Day.
Year 
JJ.MM.TT
Year.
Month.
Day 

Q4
Hotkey for input of time and date in each program level:

After having pressed the switches Time or Date the input of time or date can be done in the con-figured format.

W
Toggling of switches On
.
Off.
Levelling:
Display levelling menu after starting the Elta. C. 
Station Input:
Input of station information before start measuring in a local system. 

Station Input

Configuration of the lan-guage, in which the soft-ware appears on the dis-play.

Management and checking of the batteries connected and their capacities.
Before measuring in a local system a point infor-mation and further station parameters (th, ih, Reflector Type etc.) can be entered. This will be stored in the project file as like a header for the following measurement values.

Here, existing and integrated language versions are offered for activation.

Display of the remaining battery capacity of the internal or external battery.
_

Hotkey for activating the battery manager (in every menu available).

Resets the complete con-figuration of the instrument to the default values de-fined in the program.

back without modification.
reset of all parameters of the instru-ment configuration to their default values.

Setting and checking of all 
switches, parameters and 
options required for the  Menu of the program configuration. 
application programs 
b and d or with keys ;to @for 

a directly menu selection.

Overview Configuration Stationing
X

XPi

BPiXPi XS

S
tation

YS YPi YPi Y

921 Configuration Stationing

9211 Free Stationing 92111 Adjustment Type 92112 Standard Deviations 92113 Error Limits 92114 Adjustment 92115 Reductions 92116 Scale Range

9212 Stationing on a Known Point 92121 Standard Deviations 92122 Error Limits 92123 Adjustment 92124 Reductions 92125 Scale Range

9213 Eccentric Stationing 92131 Standard Deviations 92132 Error Limits 92133 Reductions

9214 Heightstationing 92141 Standard Deviations 92142 Error Limits

Setting and checking of error limits, standard devia-tions, scale ranges and re-duction parameters. Menu for the configuration of the stationing.

in analogy to that

Definition, if and how the type of computation and the scale are set as standard in the free stationing.

Configuration menu free stationing.
The configuration of free stationing includes all
possible settings of the configuration of stationing
on a known point and eccentric station.

The setting entered correspondes to the type of computation displayed first in the program.
Computation:
Single point adjustmen
t
/ Helmert transformation
Scale:  free
/ fixed
Change:  On Type of computation and scale can be changed during the free stationing. 
Off 
Given type of computation and scale setting cannot be changed. 

Definition of standard de-viations of observations and centering for the weighting in the single point adjust-ment.
. 0.0001 ￡ sr < 1 grad

0.001 ￡ sdc < 1 m
0 ￡ sdl < 1000 ppm
0.000 ￡ sz < 1 m

Definition of error limits for the results of the free sta-tioning.
. 0.000 ￡ va < 1 grad
0.000 ￡ vr/vq/vl < 1 m
Input of values in given measuring units. Default values:

Bearings: sr = 0.0003 grad
Distances constant: sdc = 0.001 m

(constant part)

Distances linear: sdl = 0 ppm

(linear part)

Target centering: sz = 0.000 m

(centering accuracy reflector above target)

Input of values in given measuring units. Default values: s=fix
s=free
Linear dev. vr: 0.040
0.030 m
Bearing dev. va: 0.0050
0.0050 grad
Transv. dev. vq: 0.030
0.020 m
Long. dev. vl: 0.030
0.020 m

Activation and deactivation or weight definition, resp., of best-fit adjustment.

Activation and deactivation of projection reductions.
The average distance to the main meridian is taken from the Gauss- Krueger –Coor-dinates of the stationing.

Definition of the admissible scale range.
. -9999 ￡ SR ￡ 9999 Mode: Distances / Off Weight exponent: 0.5  /  1  /  1.5 / 2
For distributing the residuals according to dis-tances by means of the arithmetic mean.
Default Mode: Off

Height reduction: On / Off Projection: Gauss-Krueger / UTM / Off
Default reduction: Off
The reductions act (when activated) parallel to the existing scale factor s on the distances measured.

Scale range:
Input in [ppm]
Default value: ± 1500 ppm

Definition of standard de-viations and error limits of the height stationing.
Menu of the configuration height stationing.

Definition of the distance section, for which p = 1 is applied.
. 0 ￡ c ￡ 9999 m

Definition of the max. ad-missible height deviation.
. 0 ￡ vz ￡ 1 m

Input distance c
in [m]. 
Default:  c = 30 m
Example: up to 30 m distance from 30 m distance onwards c = 0  . p = 1 . p = c2 / D2 . p = 1 / D2 

Input height deviation vz
in [m].
Default: vz = 0.030 m

Overview Configuration Coordinates
Z

Setting and checking of error limits, admissible dif-ferences and ranges in the coordinate programs.
.     Trimble. 3600 Manual Special/Professional
922 Configuration Coordinates

9221 Detail Points 92211 Verification Points
9222 Setting Out 92221 Error Limits 92222 Recording
9223 Traverse 9224 Intersections 9225 Transformation
92251 Distance Deviation 92252 Scale Range
9226 Helmert-Transformation 92261 Error Limits 92262 Adjustment 92263 Scale Range

Menu configuration coordinate programs.
The Verification Point Configuration for Detail Point Measurement will be described Manual Part for the program packages Special and Profes-sional.

Setting out configuration
Menu of the setting out configuration.

Admissible deviations for the definitive coordinates of
Default value:
the setting-out point.
Linear deviation dr: 0.020 m
Height deviation dh: 0.020 m

. 0 ￡ dr/dh < 1 m

Activation or deactivation of the storage of setting out results.
W
Toggling of switches On
.
Off.

Overview Configuration Special

Pi

P

-yi xs
xi

P
+yi Pi

S
tation

Configuration of the Point-to-Line Distances program.

Definition of the admissible scale range.
. -9999 ￡ SR ￡ 9999

To activate recording Grid Coordinates

Menu Configuration of Special Programs.
This manual describes the Point-to-Line Distances configuration. All the other special programs and their configuration will be explained in the part of the manual Special/Professional.

cb
+ dto select.

Input of parameters for computation of the maximum distance deviation.

Scale Range:
Input in [ppm]
Default Value: ± 1500 ppm

Overwiev Configuration General Functions

Configuration of general funcions and constants.

Modification of the con-stant parameters earth radius and refraction coeffi-cient relevant to reductions and corrections.

924 Configuration General Functions

9241 Constants
9242 2-Face Measuring 92421 Recording 92422 Error Limits
9243 Control Point 9244 Distance Measuring 9245 Point Identification

Menu of the configuration of general functions.

Input in the predefined measuring units of Earth radius R: Default value 6370000 m
. 6300000 m
￡
  R
￡
  6400000 m

Refraction coefficient k: Default value 0.13
. -1.00
￡
  k
￡
  1.00

Configuration of the re-cording and error limits for
Menu of the configuration measurement in 2
points measured in two
faces.
faces.

W
Toggling of switches On
.
Off.
Default switch:  as shown in the screen shot. 
Single values:  Recording the single values 
from both faces. 
Mean:  Recording the mean from 
both faces. 
Differences:  Recording the differences 
between both faces 
measurements 

Input of the error limits for the measurement in 2 faces.
. 0.0000 ￡ da ￡ 1 grad
0.000 ￡ dq/dl/dh ￡ 1 m

Input of the error limits for the control point measure-ment.
. 0.0000 ￡ da ￡ 1 grad

0.000 ￡ dr/dq/dl ￡ 1 m
Input in the predefined measuring units of
Bearing deviation da: Transverse deviation dq: Longitudinal dev. dl: Height deviation dh:

Default value:

0.0050 grad

0.020 m

0.020 m

0.020 m

Input in the predefined 
measuring units of  Default value: 
Linear deviation dr:  0.030 m
Bearing deviation da:  0.0050 grad
Transverse deviation dq:  0.020 m
Longitudinal dev. dl:  0.020 m

Configuration measurement functions for Distance

Configuration multiple measurements for distance meter mode N Setting the standard deviation and/or a number
of shots

Configuration multiple measurements for distance meter mode N

Setting a limit between the shots and/or a number of shots

Humidity - configuration and correction

Input Mode
:
OFF
(Default with 60%)     the key in default value is used as standard.
Wet Temperature
Input of the Wet Tem pe rature with

Rel.Humidity (%)
Input of the rel. Humidity with

Default humididy:
Input the value in %

Input of a linear deviation for decision of identical
Input in the predefined
points.
measuring unit of Default value:

. 0 ￡ dr ￡ 1 m Linear deviation dr: 0.020 m

Configuration Standard Settings

Setting of standard values for all program configura-tions.. Select with dor ;.

For setting default (standard) values.
No default settings, back to menu Con-figuration Programs.

. 1 ￡ number ￡ 10
Marking No. 1 is the standard marking.

Generating and processing markings for the point
identification.

The 27-digit point identification (PI) can be occu-pied with different blocks:
.    
Point number block <ppp...> <nnn...>

.    
Text block <eee...> <###...>

.
Code block     <ccc...>

.
Time block     <ttt...>

.
Spaces block     >---...<

A multiple definition of text and code blocks is possible.
Only one point number block and one time block can be defined at a time.
A maximum of 10 markings can be entered.

T
for escaping the Configuration Mar-kings.
. Store marking

Processing of set markings

Legend of the lines:     After calling up the Configuration markings, the first marking which has been set is shown in the
1 Action
display:
2 Operation 3 Ruler 21 4 Field label 3 5 Control character 54 6 Block marking 6
Nr. 1/5 indicates the consecutive number (1)
of the displayed marking out of all defined markings (
5).
cb
Scrolling in the marking list (endless) U
Display of the first marking S
Display of the last marking set T
Back to menu Configuration

generate new Delete marking
marking

delete displayed
marking

edit displayed
marking

Marking is deleted, renumbering of the remaining markings.
Back, without deletion of marking.
T
similar to No.
Edit marking in analogy to Marking New

Generating new Markings

Select in the display of the marking list
The field label is an infor-mation which can be en-tered in addition to the blocks set.

Menu for generating new markings. The cursor is placed in column 1 of the field label (line 4).
a `go to input position 
U  cursor jump to column 1 
S  cursor jump to column 27 

Input of the field label
For the input, all alphanumeric characters, in-cluding special characters, are available. Special characters (like <, >, _ , & etc.) will be displayed by multiple pressing (scrolling) of the decimal point key.

usable for deleting signs. The code field is stored with the marking.

Set point number block
<p> alpha-numeric
<n> numeric
Setting the point number block
Go with the cursor control keys to the inicial posi-tion of the point number block.

Selection type of point number (numeric or alpha-
numeric point number).
For entering a point number in the measurement
menu then will be defined:

Numeric only numbers in the block,
Alpha-Numeric all signs allowed.

b
+ dto select.
Via alpha-numeric selection the block is marked with <p>
in line 6 (block marking), beginning at the current cursor position.

Via numeric selection the block is marked with
<n>
in line 6 (block marking), beginning at the current cursor position.

a`
go to final position of the PNr block.

.     3 ￡ PNr block ￡ 14 A maximum of 14 characters can be set for the PNr block.
d
Accept point number block.

. Configuration
Codelists
Setting a text or code block
A maximum of 5 blocks can be defined as text or code blocks. There is as well a numerical or an alphanumerical selection possible.
When entering the PI, a codelist can be accessed within the code blocks.
Go with the cursor control keys to the inicial posi-tion of the text or code block.

Set text or code block

Via Code, the block is marked with <> in line 6 (block marking), beginning at the current cursor position. This is the minimum size of a text or code block. Each alphanumerical code block is being marked as block <eeeee...>, each numeri-cal as block <#####...>.

a`
go to final position of the text or code block.

. 2 ￡ text block ￡ 24 A maximum of 24 characters can be set for a text or code block.
d
Accept text or code block.

Allocating a codelist
It is possible to allocate a codelist to a text block set, converting thus the text block into a code block.
Set the cursor on the text block destined to be-come the code block.

Allocating a codelist

With List, all selectable codelists are offered. If no codelist has been defined yet, the softkey List has no effect.
W
for selection (also various codelists).
d
Allocation of all marked codelists and back to the menu.

The block marking <eee...> has now been re-placed by the block marking <ccc...>.

Setting a time block

.  Configuration Instrument / Clock  In this field, the system time is automatically stored in the time format specified. A time block cannot be set within another block. 
Select with the cursor control keys the inicial posi-tion of the time block. 

Set time block
<pppp>----
<ccccccc> space block

Via Time, the block is marked with <ttt> in line 6 (block marking), beginning at the current cursor position.

Setting a space block
At the beginning of a marking definition all places of the marking are occupied by forced blanks (------in the block marking, line 6). By specifying blocks, these blanks are occupied accordingly.
With the inicial positioning of blocks, blanks can be set between the blocks which are then locked when entering the PI and for tab stops.

Further function keys

Deleting blocks     Set the cursor into the block range and delete the block with Del
(attention, without enquiry!).

Setting tab stops
Setting a default cursor position
Tab stops can be set at any position (exception: forced blanks). A tab stop can be set in each de-fined input block. When entering the PI, the cur-sor jumps to this position by means of the
W

Tab key.
Go to the target position using the cursor control keys and set a tab stop with Tabs. A T will appear in line 5 (control characters). The tab stop can be deleted again with the Del softkey.
The default cursor position can be set at any posi-tion (exception: forced blanks). For each marking, only one default cursor position can be set. The cursor jumps automatically to this position after a measurement for entering or editing the PI.
Go to the target position using the cursor control keys and set the position with Curs. A C will ap-pear in line 5 (control characters). If a tab stop T has been set at the same place, this will be over-written by C. The cursor position is of equal im-portance to the tabulator.

T
for quit in the menu of the Configura-tion markings leads to the enquiry:
Store marking

Acceptance of the marking with consecutive number, continues with display of the renumbered markings.
Marking is not accepted, the old status of the marking list is being re-established. Back to the display of the markings.
T
Back to the definition of the new marking.

Creating a new codelist
Processing codelists
For objects of everyday surveying, coded point infomation can be managed in the form of code-lists.
Thus, they can be allocated quickly and simply to a code block of the marking and, consequently, to the PI during the measurement.
After being called up from the configuration menu, the codelists already generated are dis-played:

A maximum of 16 lists can be stored. Having
reached this number, the functions

and
are no longer available.
The number of codes per list depends on the available memory.

Delete a codelist
Connecting two codelists

Deletion of selected codelist. (or Esc) Back, without deletion.
Select the first codelist with the cursor control keys, then, select Conn
in order to connect the first with a second list out of the remaining code-lists.
Confirm the selection of the second codelist with
d
.

Copying the selected codelist
Renaming the selected codelist
Example: First codelist: Backsights
Second codelist: Points
List Points is added to the list Backsights. The added list Points is deleted and does no longer appear.
T

Back to menu codelists.
Select codelist with the cursor control keys, select then Copy oder Name in order to copy or re-name the list.

Name: Data string with a maximum of 18
alphanumeric characters. 
d  List is copied with new name or renamed. 
T  Back to menu Codelists. 

Generating new codelist

Creating a new codelist

Name:  Data string with a maximum of 18 alphanumeric characters. 
d  List is generated with the name, at the same time a check is carried out with regard to names of the same ASCII strings already assigned. 
T  Back to menu Codelists. 
Editing codelist 

Editing an existing Set the cursor at the codelist to be edited and codelist select Edit:

Example: Editing the codelist point type.
Code:  A maximum of 10 
alphanumeric characters. 
Meaning:  Description of the code with a maximum of 20 alphanu-meric characters. 

Admissible keys for editing codelist

Entering a new code
Delete code
Inserting a code line
cbYX
Scrolling in the codelist.
US
Jump to the first or last position of the input field.
W

T
d
Tab Changing the input field between code
and meaning.
Accepting code input in list.
Escape editing of codelist.

Entering a code and its meaning.

Set curser onto the code line and delete code with
Del (attention, no enquiry!).
By this function, the selected code line is deleted
inmediately and copied in a buffer memory.

Inserts the code line saved in the buffer memory,
in front of the marked code line.

Searching a code line

Search for code or meaning, also of partial strings. No attention is payed to upper-case or lower-case letters.
d
Search is carried out from the cursor position downwards. If the search is successful, the cursor jumps to the respective code position.
T
Without search back to the editing menu.
If the code line found is not the one searched for, the search downwards can be continued inmedi-ately by means of this function.

Continuing search for a code line

For activation of the software-packages it is neces-sary, to enter a code generated by Trimble for the instrument.

Menu Update Configuration.

Code Input for each soft-ware package.

Select the software-package by cursor-keys.

For code input / change

T
d
Input of the authorisation code. to confirm the code input. abort input.

The annex contains a compilation of symbols, keys, formulae and constants as well as explana-tions of concepts used for the Trimble. 3600.
Furthermore, it gives an overview of the technical data and instructions for maintenance and care of the instrument. Important certificates are also attached.

Status Symbols
The instrument displays status symbols to show internal instrument settings.

SD Hz V HD Hz h Y X Z Hz V
EDM Mode

Direct Reflex* Prisma     Prisma Direct Reflex*
Vertical Reference System

Zenith Vertical Height Slope [%]
Error Limits

switched off switched on
PositionLight*

PositionLight on
Illumination

Display on Cross hairs on
Recording switched on Compensator switched on
* Opttion

Keys and Function
Escape Shift Tabulator Caps Softkey Activation Softkeys Space key Cursor keys Cursor keys Numeric block
Enter key Power key Page Up Page Down Home End
T  Quitting program levels 
_  Dual assignment switchover 
WTab  Selector and tab key 
]  Upper-case and lower-case letters 
WFcn  Control and hotkeys 
W  Softkeys 1-6 and instrument control 
W  Space and selector key 

cb Positioning the Cursor up/down 
a` Positioning the Cursor to the left/right 
;D Numeric input function and

Softkeys 7-10 d Confirmation + measurement triggering Z Switching the instrument on Y Scrolling up X Scrolling down
U Cursor at the start of line or list SCursor at the end of line or list

Backspace Delete a sign to the left
Additional trigger key
[ Trigger key located on the right-hand side of the instrument, particularly useful when measuring in the reverse position.
Instrument Control
The yellow signed symbols above the function keys 1-6 are used for controlling of significant instrument switches and parameters and can be activated pressing Shift + function key:

Illumination Crosshair+Display On / Off Instrument Levelling
Battery Control
PositionLight On / Off
Online-Help
EDM Mode
Laser Pointer

Addition correction
Backsight point Bearing angle Bearing (Hz)
Calibration scale
Code, code lists
Compensation
Compensator run center Configuration
Connecting distance
A
Correction of the addition value (‘’additive con-stant’’) of the distance measuring instrument
B
A point with known coordinates used for the station point determination and/or for orientation.
Hz bearing orientated to a reference bearing (generally to grid north)
Value read in the horizontal circle of the instru-ment, whose accidental orientation is determined by the zero position of the graduated circle.
C
influences systematically the distance measure-ment. Best possible adjustment to 1.0 by the manufacturer. Without influence on all other scale specifications
Reference number for the point description, char-acterizes certain point types, compilation and explanation in code lists
Mathematical consideration of the vertical axis inclinations measured with the compensator, in Hz and V angle measurements
electronic center of the clinometer in sighting and trunnion axis directions
Basic settings of the instrument (e.g. measuring units, coordinate system etc.). Proceeding from the respective measuring program, it is possible to access locally the relevant configuration. The con-figuration can be transmitted to other instru-ments/computers.
Spatial distance, plane distance and height differ-ence between 2 target points

Control point
Coordinates, global Coordinates, local
Distance measuring method
Dual Control
Eccentricity = eccentric target measurement Eccentricity mode
Eccentric station
Error limits
Point for checking the orientation of the instru-ment. It is defined at the beginning of a meas-urement and can be measured any time for checking.
higher-order coordinate system (e.g. Gauss-Krüger)
Zero of this coordinate system is the station point of the instrument with the coordinates (0,0,0). The orientation is determined by the zero direction of the Hz circle
D
Variable measuring time (and with it measuring accuracy) in accordance with the purpose of ap-plication: Normal D:N, Tracking D:T
Sighting process in the instrument and measure-ment from the target;
E
The reflector is not set up right in the target point, but in a defined position to it.
Switch for toggling eccentric target point meas-urement
Program for an eccentric stationing, if the position of the center is unfavourable for the backsight measurement or for the following survey or set-ting out
Limit values which can be set by the user for cer-tain measuring values or results

F 
Free Stationing  Free choice of the station. The measurements to known backsight points are taken as starting point for computing the station coordinates, the scale and the orientation of the graduated circle by single point adjustment or Helmert transforma-tion 
H 
Height stationing  The height of the station point is derived from measurements to known height points 
Helmert transformation  Transformation (similarity transformation) named after Helmert, between two rectangular coordi-nate systems, free stationing 
Hidden point reflector rod  Reflector rod with 2 reflectors arranged in a fixed distance to each other; for the position and height determination of inaccessible points such as channels, shafts, room corners; can be held also in 
oblique position to the point to be measured 
Hz collimation correction  (also correction of collimation or sighting axis ) Correction of the deviation of the sighting axis from its required position at right angles to the trunnion axis. Determination by measurement in two positions, automatic correction in measure-ments in one position 
I 
Incrementing  Input of an interval (increment), by which the point number is automatically counted 
Instrument height  Height of the telescope trunnion axis above the station height (ground point) 
Interface  Contact point between 2 systems or system areas, in which information is interchanged according to defined rules 

L1 Norm
L2 Norm
Object height
Orientation
Point Identification
Point number PositionLight
Project
Projection reduction
L
Adjustment in which the sum of the absolute corrections is turned into the minimum, for rec-ognizing outliers with special accuracy. In all ad-justments, an L1 adjustment can be additionally calculated.
Adjustment in which the sum of the correction squares is turned into the minimum (adjustment according to the method of least squares)
O
Determination of the height of points to which a direct distance measurement is impossible, by means of a pure angle measurement
When orientating the instrument, the bearing angle of the zero of the graduated circle Omega (Om) is calculated. For this, measurements to one or various backsight points can be made or the bearing angle of a known point can be entered.
P
Identification of the measuring point by a maxi-mum of 27 characters for the point number and up to 5 code fields; data record format M5
Numerical or alphanumerical part of the point identification
Quick optical sighting aid for setting out; visuali-zation of the sighting line for the reflector porter so that he can orientate himself independently and quickly with reference to the sighting line
Quantity of data sets, which are combined under one name into an independent unit within the database
Reduction into the projection plane

Radio data transmission module
RecLink
Recording mode
Reference Point Refraction coefficient Residual Run center
Scale
Single point adjustment
Softkey Standard deviation
R
Radio communication between station and target for transmitting data and information, Observe announcement.
Alphanumeric computer with radio data transmis-sion module for controlling the measuring process from the target point
Switch in all measuring programs for controlling, which data are to be recorded: measuring values, computing values or both types
used here as reflector station for the indirect height determination
Measure for the light-beam refraction in the at-mosphere; can be set by the user
Difference between nominal and transformed coordinates
see Compensator run centers
S
With a scale, the measured distance is varied pro-portionally to the length and can thus be adapted to certain marginal conditions. There exist a series of direct and indirect scale effects: calibration scale, weather correction, projection reduction, height reduction, reticle scale
Method for computing a free stationing by ad-justment of all distance and bearing observations addording to the method of least squares.
Function key which has different functions in de-pendence on the program
Statistical value for the accuracy of a computed value

Standard project
Standard settings Stationing
Stationing on a known point
Time
Tracking
Transformation
Vertical axis inclination
Project implemented by the manufacturer (project name: NONAME), which can be used without project definition
Values set by the manufacturer, for all configura-tion parameters
Station point determination and/or calculation of the orientation of the graduated circle: stationing on a known point, free stationing and off-center station, height stationing (height only)
Given: Station point coordinates / backsight bear-ing. The scale and the orientation of the graduated circle are derived from the measurements to known backsight points
T
The time can be displayed and recorded together with the measuring values in the point identifica-tion
Continuous measurement of the angles and dis-tances. Generally, Hz and V values are always measured and displayed; set permanent meas-urement for distance measurements
Computing program for converting point coordi-nates between different coordinate systems. At least 2 identical points have to be known in both systems.
V
The inclinations of the vertical axis of the instru-ment in sighting axis direction and trunnion axis direction are measured with the compensator. Digital and analog representation of the inclina-tions on the display.

Weather correction
Weighting specifications
W
Correction of the distance measurement by values for temperature and air pressure which deviate from the standard values
For the adjustment, a certain influence (direct or indirectly by specifying standard deviations) on the total result can be assigned to the measuring val-ues (stationing programs)

External Interface Port
2
4

5
1 3
6
7 8 PIN Location (seen from the outside)

The external interface port is a 8-pin plug (female) refering DIN 41524.
This port is used for data transfer and power sup-ply by external battery. The port is fixed on the slip ring of the instrument.
PINs
Pin  Signal  In/Out  Function 
1  RTS  Output  Ready To Send 
2  GND  Ground 
3  CTS  Input  Clear To Send 
4  TD  Output  Send 
5  RD  Input  Receive 
6  VCC  Input  Power Supply 
7  VCC  Input  Power Supply 
8  GND  Ground 

Cable Connection
For data transfer via cable the serial interface cable with ordering number 708177-9460 or 708177-9470 can be used.
For external power supply and data transfer a special cable (.Y-cable“) with ordering number 701520-9186-000 must be connected to the instrument.

Computations formulae for angle measurement
V angle measurement Vk = Vo + V1 + V2 + i + nz
Vo = uncorrected V circle reading
V1 = correction due to V circle eccentricity V1 = AV . sin (Vo-jV)
AV = amplitude
jV = phase
V2 = V circle orientation
i = index correction
1
i = (400 - VI - VII)
2
nz = current vertical axis inclination in the sight-ing direction

Hz bearing measurement Hz = Hzo + Hz1 + Hz2 + Hz3 + Hz4 + A
Hzo= uncorr. Hz circle reading-(absolut)
Hz1 = corr. due to Hz circle eccentricity
Hz1 = AHz . sin (Hzo-jHz) Ahz = amplitude jHz = phase
Hz2 = due to collimation correction Hz2 = c/sin Vk
c = - sin (VII) . dHz
2
dHz = (HzII - HzI+200)
HzII, HzI = Hz in Lage 1,2
c = collimation error
Hz3 = due to current nk vertical axis inclination in
the tilting axis direction Hz3 = nk/tan Vk
Hz4 = corr. due to tilting axis error k Hz4 = k/tan Vk
A = circle orientation, e. g. Hz setting (necessary for computations of coordinates)

Computations formulae for distance measurement
Internal correction formulae (with correction from exter-nal calibration)
Weather correction formu-lae with additional con-stants.
Dc1 = Du . mcal + Akcal
D = uncorrected measured distance
u
= scale from external calibration
mcal
Akcal = addition constant from external calibration
Dc2 = D (1+KW10-6)+Ac + Tr
c1
DR-EDM: carrier w.length 660 nm/precision scale 0,5m IR-EDM: carrier w.length 785 nm/precision scale 0,5m Dc1 = corrected distance Ac = addition constant KW = weather correction Tr = threedimensional eccentricity
(value input in menu 912)
The weather correction KW is computed as follows:
. 0.29186 4.126 10 .-4h .
K = 275 -p -E
w(IR-EDM ) ..
o1 + at1+ at .
. 0.29527 4.126 10 .-4h .
K Dual = 278.8 -p -E
w( -EDM ) ..
o1+ at1+ at .
p = air pressure in hPa t = temperature in degrees Celsius h = relative humidity in % a = coefficient of vapour pressure cor-
rection 1/273,16 E = saturation aire presure to Magnus Tetens
7 5 , .t + 0 7857
. t +237 3 ,
E = 10
In case of standard atmospheric conditions with p = 1013,25 hPa, t = 20 °C und h = 60% the correktion KW disappears. The basic value of h = 60% for the relative humidity is fixed. When the conditons are very extremly (humid and hot) the deviation of weather correction is maximal 2 ppm.

Reduction formulae
V angle measurement
Distance measurement
Height difference
Horizontal distance with scale correction
Height reduction
Refraktion correction of the V angle measurement
d Dk2
V’ = Vk + = . kL .r
22R
Horizontal distance in the instrument horizont
RD . sinV' 200
k2
E = . arctan r=
r R + D . cos V' p
k2
included are corretions of refraction, earth curva-ture, instrument- and reflector height
1-k
L2
dh =D . cosV +. E + ih -th
k2 k
2R
Vk = corrected V circle reading kL = influence of refraction,                Default: 0.13 R = mean earth radius in the field,
Default: 6 370 000 m ih = instrument height th = reflector height
Em = E. m
E = horizontal distance in the instrument horizon Em = horizontal distance with scale corr. m = scale (e.g. from Free Stationing)
Reduction of horizontal distances from instrument horizon into the used projection horizon (e.g. NN)
RE= E.
o m
R + H Em = distance in the instrument horizo [m] Eo = distance in the used projection horizon[m] R = mean earth radius in the project [m] H = mean height in the project [m]

Reduction into the projec-The distance is reduced into the projection plan tion plane with the mean distance from the main merid-ian.
1. Gau. - Krüger -Projection
2
Ym
EGK = E + kGK kGK = E .
2R2
2
Ym
2
Ym
EGK = E
1
= E + E .
+
2R2 2R2
. .... ...
with: 
E  = Distance between two points 
EGK  = distance in the Gau.-Krüger-Plane 
Ym  = mean distance from the main meri-
dian 
R  = earth radius 

2. UTM - Projection
EUTM
= E . 0,9996
..

1

+

Y2m
2R2

..

Note:
Distances used in stationing and e.g. in a subse-quent polar survey must be treated identically. If, for example, no height and projection reductions have been applied in stationing, this must also not be done in the polar survey. In this case, the corre-sponding reduction is incorporated in the ran-domly selected scale or in the stationing correc-tions, if a given scale is used. In the latter case, it is always advisable to perform a best-fit adjustment if major corrections are involved.

Verifying on Calibration Distances
Basically, all measured distances are corrected with reference to: the entered scale the entered additive constant the influence of pressure and temperature internal influencing variables.

If a weather correction is to be carried out exter-nally, the temperature must be set to 20°C and the air pressure to 1013.25 hPa. Then, the internal correction goes to zero.

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